Inner Career Search

Inner Career Search

Full text of presentation given at OARP statewide conference

on 10/8/04 by Rick Lamplugh , MBA, CDMS

I want to talk today about inner career change. Perhaps a definition is a good starting point. Inner career change is best understood by thinking first of outer career change. You know outer career change. It’s the maze of challenges you help people through on the road back to work.

Inner career takes place under all the steps of outer career change. Inner career change is in the heart and mind of the client. It’s how the client deals with the emotional challenges of losing a job or returning to work. It’s how a client thinks about himself or herself, the script that plays in the mind. It’s how a client envisions the future.

Let’s begin with some context. Since I work in private vocational rehabilitation, I only work with people who have been injured on the job. This is what I’ve done for 20 years. During that time, I’ve written one book, Job Search That Works, which is still selling. I consulted on a second book, Living through Job Loss, which was dead before it hit the book stores. I also produced a Public Radio series, Work in Oregon. All this non-fiction writing helped me learn a great deal, but it also made me yearn for fiction. I wanted to be able to put words in people’s mouths.

With fiction, the general rule is to write about what you know. So some years ago I wrote Comp!: One Man’s Fateful Journey Through the Workers’ Comp System. I’d like to begin today with a reading from Comp! I hope that it starts to take us out of this conference room and into the hearts and minds of our clients.

The Accident

Chuck Williams was 18 feet up when the scaffold tipped. One minute he was standing securely on the scaffold and reaching for the red brick wall. The next second the wall seemed to move away from him. Fear shook his body as he realized he was moving, not the wall. The fall to the ground seemed to take a long time. He had time to try to figure where he would land. He had time to wonder how fast he might be going.

He felt the air driven from his lungs as he landed on the hood of a parked car. Then a searing pain shot from his hip and up his entire back. He heard as well as felt bones cracking. He smelled gasoline and asphalt as his body bounced off the hood and onto the street. He heard the squeal of tires, the crunching of metal, and the breaking of glass as a passing car rammed the scaffold, now lying like a broken skeleton in the street. As Chuck lost consciousness, he wondered what his boss, that Walker woman, was going to say about all this.

Chuck lost his job and entered the Workers’ Comp system. He met his rehab counselor who told him about the vocational rehabilitation process. His counselor patiently explained that the goal was to help him choose a new career, submit a plan and start retraining. “What do you want to do now?” his counselor asked one day. Chuck didn’t have a clue. In fact he didn’t feel very engaged in the process at all. As much as he wanted to return to work, he felt like there was just something in his way. He had no idea what the barrier was.

I think that barrier is job loss. I started digging deeply into the effects of job loss while working on Living Through Job Loss. As part of the research I interviewed scores of people across the U.S. who had lost jobs. Some had lost jobs only hours before I spoke to them. Some had lost jobs years before. Only one had lost a job due to an injury.

In the process of doing in-depth interviews with these non-disabled job losers, I found myself floored by how job loss impacted them. Sometimes I would leave an interview drained after hearing a person ' s tale of devastation. More than once I was told that I was the only person who had taken the time to listen to their story. And what a relief it was to tell it, they added.

One day as I drove home I had a powerful insight. I had spent years working with people who had lost jobs after injuries. I had heard lots of horror stories and had related their emotional trauma mainly to the loss associated with physical disability. Yet here I was interviewing people who had lost jobs, were reporting similar mental and physical problems and were not disabled. The common denominator was job loss.

The Ripple Effect

Job loss can hit your life in much the same way that a single pebble tossed into a pond sends a shock wave rippling across the entire pond. There is the initial splash when the job is lost. Then the shock wave spreads to your significant other, children, family, and friends. Every significant person in your life can feel the wave created by that one lost job.

That wave produces powerful emotions, leads to a personal crisis and takes a person on the same physical and emotional roller coaster as other losses. Shock, sadness, insomnia, appetite problems, anger, self-doubt or self-blame, anxiety, and depression are symptoms of the grief of job loss. This job loss grief puts the worker on an emotional roller coaster ride.

In the midst of this roller coaster ride, an injured worker enters the vocational rehabilitation system. He may feel decisions are forced upon him and may resent having to make them. All the while his rehab counselor is saying, “We’ve got to make a decision here. We’ve got timelines to meet. We’ve got to submit a plan.”

Over the years I have seen a bothersome pattern in career change. Maybe you’ve seen it too. Initially, a worker has much energy and commitment to finding a new career. The person reviews information, talks to some contacts and lists some return-to-work possibilities. With high hopes the worker digs deeper into an exciting potential job only to find that it does not pay enough. Or the job market is flooded with applicants. Or new technology is killing demand. The worker feels disappointed, frustrated, angry or scared.

These feelings suck energy from the worker who starts to avoid career change activities for a few days and then slowly returns. But now the worker is more apprehensive and less confident; not putting total effort into coming up with new possibilities. Another round of research eliminates another possibility or two. Career change activities decrease another notch. This vicious cycle leads to less and less forward movement and more and more doubt. Won’t I ever find a career I can pursue? Why don’t I just CDA this thing and be done with it? I believe that much of this negative, vicious cycle can be attributed to the power of job loss grief.

Grief’s Power

As I have come to understand the power of job loss grief, I have changed how I work with injured workers. Initially I had helped them focus on what I now call outer career change: the research, cold calls, interviews, and follow-up that helps in career change decision making. I was saying, “We’ve got to make a decision here. We’ve got to submit a plan.” Slowly, though, I came to focus on inner career change too. For every outer step, there is an inner career change process. The better a worker handles the inner process, the more productive the outer career change will be.

Here’s how Chuck experiences inner career change in Comp!:

Chuck feels as though his world has turned upside down since losing his job to his injury. The loss hits him in a number of ways. First there is the pain from the injury. Then there is his inability to do some things that he used to take for granted. Finally, there is being without a job.

On some days all these changes crash upon him at once. He calls these his bad days. They often start in the middle of the night when he awakens with his pulse racing and his mind filled with questions. But no answers. After a fitful night's sleep, he arises hoping he can somehow avoid the worry, anger, and uncertainty that he knows might visit him during the day.

On his good days, he can see how leaving his job could actually be helpful. He had grown discontented at work, and now he has a chance to start anew. He thinks about career possibilities and pictures himself in other jobs. After those kinds of days, he sleeps soundly. Chuck would like more good days, but he can't seem to predict or control how his life will go. His moods can change without rhyme or reason. Sometimes he finds himself snapping at others or arguing with his wife over things that later seem trivial.

At other times he finds himself feeling as if he is letting his wife down by not bringing in the money he once earned. Since his injury he avoids dealing with their growing financial problems. Before his injury he used to like paying bills and feeling in control of their finances.

Some days anger and worry overwhelm him. To escape the house and his troubles he walks to a nearby park. Sitting on a bench watching children play and listening to their joyful sounds soothes him. He returns home relieved and ready, although maybe not willing, to face the challenges in his life.

How can we help workers deal with such a powerful internal struggle? How can we help with inner career change?

Social Support and Anger

There are two factors I think are very important in helping a person deal with inner career change: social support and anger. The first factor, social support, is determined by who is on the worker’s team. The power of social support has been documented by numerous studies. Here are a few examples:

· Men who maintain a good support network are less likely to suffer impotence after prostate surgery.

· Stanford medical school researchers found that women with breast cancer who met in weekly support groups for a year survived, on average, almost twice as long as similar women who did not participate in such groups.

· Women and men who have elective surgery of many types or are injured in automobile accidents request less pain meds and recover sooner when they have a strong support network.

Having seen the power of social support in helping people through crisis and loss, recall how job loss hurts us in this area. When you lose a job, you can also lose social support, friends, a network. If this happens to you, you must find ways to increase social support. We can help workers to:

· Reach out to their children, grandchildren and others they love.

· Spend time with others- trips to the zoo, bike rides, movies, long talks, long walks, and shared vacations.

· Seek out those who have demonstrated the ability to listen and not judge, criticize, or second guess.

· Find or join or start a support group.

Here I’m referring to positive social support. But I think it’s also important to talk about negative social support.

Negative Social Support

Let me tell you about a client of mine, let’s call him Phil. He went through one vocational counselor and was referred to me. He was one of the most contentious people I’ve met. And he avoids making decisions. Additionally, I seemed to bring out the worst in Phil. And he brought out all the worst counseling skills in me. Obviously we were not moving ahead very well.

One day this came to a head. Phil stormed angrily out of our meeting, heading for his car. I followed, heading for mine. I got in my car and looked across the parking lot at Phil. I thought about the danger of someone that angry driving on crowded highways. With much hesitation I walked to his car, tapped on the window and started to talk with him. We talked for a half-hour, I in the boiling sun, and he in his air-conditioned car. By the time he left, he was cooled down in more ways than one.

When he first rolled down his window though, he spit forth angry remarks about me and my counseling skills – or lack thereof. Then he told me about how his mother was angry at the system, his father was angry, his estranged wife was angry and his friends were angry too. All of his support system, it seems, was supporting him in the anger that was getting in the way of his moving forward. An anger that seemed to me to building up in a dangerous way.

Anger and Job Loss

Phil’s story demonstrates the power of negative social support and anger. Anger is a common response to job loss and the second important factor to deal with in helping our clients. In researching Living Through Job Loss, we were struck by the intensity of the anger of job losers we interviewed.

Anger seemed stronger in job loss than in just about any other loss except senseless violent acts and traumatic experiences such as incest, ugly divorce, child custody battles, and damages wrought by drunken drivers.

While much of this anger is outward directed, that’s not always the case. Anger can turn inward and fatigue results. When we work hard to deny angry feelings, we grow tired from the energy it takes to keep anger under wraps.

Yet if we dump the anger on some undeserving person, as often happens, then we are burdened with other consequences: guilt, retribution from others, family crisis, possible legal problems. This presents a kind of damned if you do, damned if you don’t dilemma.

Let’s revisit Chuck and see how his anger impacts him. We find him after he’s recently separated from his wife Jeannie. He has driven to the Oregon coast to a spot he used to visit with her.

Chuck gazed north and could barely see the lighthouse through a curtain of rain. He remembered the last time he had climbed the long carved-rock stairway to the lighthouse. Suddenly he realized that his body could not do that today and anger flared. Sadness followed and settled into him like the pain he’d learned to live with.

He eased himself down to the ground, his back scraping against the rough pine bark. He felt the damp ground through his pants but didn’t care about getting wet. He thought about the last time he saw Jeannie. The argument. The tears in her eyes. The anger in his voice.

Now, sitting on the cliff, cold rain dripped down Chuck’s neck and flowed along the valley of his spine. He looked at his jacket and saw it was soaked. The wind gusted into the trees and the rain was almost horizontal. He bent his head down to protect his face with the brim of his cap. Without thinking he yelled; a sound like a territorial bull elk warning an intruder. Chuck looked around and saw no one. He pulled himself up painfully and walked to the edge of the cliff. Fifty feet below him the wind pressed the tall coarse beach grass almost flat.

Chuck stood still and felt the wind push against his broken back. A gust whipped under the brim of his cap and sent it sailing over the cliff. He watched the red hat tumble effortlessly through the air and land in the yellow grass below.

The heavy rain quickly soaked his hair. Water dripped from his eyebrows onto his cheek and rolled past the corner of his mouth. He stuck his tongue out to the side and tasted the drops. He wondered why they were so salty. He looked out at the foam from the waves crashing against the rocks of the jetty. He let out another sound. This one scared him. He’d heard it before. It was the low moan of a wounded animal, caught in a trap, waiting to die.

Anger Remedies

Given the physical and mental costs of anger, it is vitally important to help workers find a positive way to deal with the anger and depression and lessen their impact on inner career change. Here are some ways we can suggest:

· Get some exercise- Medical science has established that regular physical exercise affects brain chemistries and can lift us out of depression. Of course, this has to be tailored to the individual.

· Seek professional help if troubles disturb sleep, appetite, and relationships with loved ones and if depression sometimes feels overwhelming.

· Write an angry letter and tear it up. Delete it from your computer’s hard drive and the Recycle Bin or Trash Can.

· Take some time away from the situation. This does not have to be expensive. A person could visit some friends out of town, go to a campground, or take some day trips to the countryside. The key is to find someplace where a person can begin to think about this challenging situation in new ways or not think about it at all.

Dealing with anger and building positive social support are not easy, but can be done. And when done, the impact on inner career change is powerful.

The Launching Pad

Some years ago I produced the public radio series called Work in Oregon. I heard about a job search professional who had just been laid off. I thought to myself that if anyone could handle career change effectively, he should be the one. I called Carl and he told me that for twelve years his job was helping thousands of others through job search. He had taught techniques, helped people stay motivated while seeing little progress, and encouraged them to stay positive while facing rejection. In other words, he helped them with inner career change. Then he was laid off. I asked him how he helps himself deal with inner career change now. Carl’s story provides an uplifting counterpoint to the process many of our workers experience. Let me read to you from the text of that Work In Oregon piece:

Carl told me that he feels "Like I am on a launching pad." He balances that eagerness with what he calls "staying in my dilemma," feeling pressured to find a job and put security back in his life. But he has seen job seekers rush into a job to eliminate this pressure and then find the job was not what they wanted. They stopped the stress of unemployment but missed out on career-life planning – that’s what Carl calls looking for work.

You see, Carl does not separate his occupation from the rest of his life. He knows we spend one third and sometimes one half of our life occupied with our occupations. We should prosper and grow from that investment. That requires looking at all the options before investing, or in Carl's words, "staying in neutral with your motor running."

That sounds pretty philosophical. What about the practical? How does Carl survive while staying in neutral? Like many unemployed people Carl has a mortgage and car payment. To help pay both, he will rent rooms in his large old house and apply for unemployment. He will stay afloat while staying in his dilemma.

He takes care of his body and mind, too. He has seen what happens to those who don't. Like an athlete in training, Carl watches his diet and takes regular walks. Even with the stress of unemployment, he feels his health improving.

Sometimes while walking by the river, Carl stops and relaxes. He sees his life flowing like that water. He imagines where his life will flow in ten years. This imagining is part of his inner career change and is the key to career-life planning. Imagine it is ten years from today. You are ten years older. How is your life? Not just your job – your life?

Start dreaming. In your dream your life works perfectly. What are you doing in your work and your life? How did you get there? What decisions did you make? What steps did you take? After the dream, write those steps down. Now take one. Do something today to put you on the path to your dreams.

Reaching for dreams involves taking risks. Carl has seen others avoid risk without first assessing the risk. So when making decisions, Carl asks himself: "Can I live with the results if my plans do not work?" If he can, then he takes the risk.

Carl has also seen job seekers make decisions that led to not reaching goals because they did not believe they deserved the best outcome. So he also asks himself: "Can I live with the results if my plans do work?" If the answer is yes, he risks.

We all deserve the time to do this kind of career-life planning. But job search challenges, worries mount, responsibilities call, bills arrive. Financial, mental and emotional pressures can drive us to make hasty or wrong decisions. Inner career change helps us handle these pressures and give us the time and energy to make the best career life decisions. Inner career change is as important as the daily tasks of outer career change.

The importance of attitude

As Carl’s story amply demonstrates, It is impossible to overstate the affect of attitude on inner career change. We can have positive or negative attitudes. The bottom line is that a negative attitude has just as much power as a positive one. Here’s how I see this working.

Let’s say the injured worker is fifty years old. His attitude about his age could be: No one is going to hire a 50-year-old-broken-down-guy. That negative attitude could lead to exactly the result he fears: no one hires him. On the other hand, he could take a more positive attitude such as: There are people out there looking for my skills and services. That belief will lead him to put in the hard work to find the people who want his skills and want to hire him.

Attitude Adjusters

Like the other steps in improving inner career change, there are concrete ways we can help a worker improve attitude.

Use affirmations: positive statements about your goals. Victor Parachin, a Methodist minister writing in a Wall Street Journal publication, lists a number of ways affirmations help during career change. He says they can help a person “achieve a focused state of mind, shut out negative distractions and help change subtle, self-defeating attitudes into supportive inner-dialogue.”

Contrast these two affirmations.

· I am capable of earning competitive pay in a position that’s satisfying.

· I’ll end up flipping burgers for minimum wage.

Which do you think will help improve inner and outer career change?

Journal regularly: Because I have used a paper therapist a number of times in my life, I highly recommend it to others. James Pennebaker, author and researcher on the power of journaling, did a controlled study and found that participants who wrote about the trauma of losing their jobs were much more likely to find reemployment in the months following the study than participants who wrote about their general plans. He adds that those who address their emotions and think through their situations may do a better job search than those who do not. Additionally, those who write may be more optimistic and more motivated to engage in job search activities.

Keep a joy journal: The other day while walking by the river with a friend, an executive coach, I heard about a joy journal. In a joy journal, you note the times you are feeling happy, glad to be alive, on top of the world. You note what you were doing at the time you felt so positive. You keep that journal handy and refer to it as a source of inspiration when you are feeling down. Injured workers can also journal things that made them happy before their injury.

Polish your medals: An injured worker can read and reread positive comments other people have written about them such as: customer appreciation letters, letters of recommendation, performance appraisals and awards. The worker can list everything he likes and appreciates about himself. I sometimes suggest worker’s post these items where he or she can see them.

Frustration

As we know, there are thousands of different types of jobs in the U.S. Yet a career changer only needs one. That’s a lot of frogs to kiss before you find the prince. This process of elimination can frustrate. Frustration is part of the inner career change process and comes out in odd ways.

Consider the dream that Chuck had after several months of working with his vocational counselor and enduring this process of elimination:

Chuck walked to the heavy wooden door and squinted at the small sign thumb tacked to it. He read:

Your next job is in this room. Further instructions inside.

He looked around, wondering if this was some sort of Candid Camera routine. Seeing no one, he took a deep breath and slowly opened the door. The room was dark and smelled musty like an attic. He felt along the wall, found a light switch and flipped it. Bright light filled the room, revealing a jumbled pile of small boxes reaching the ceiling. Chuck's heart sank as he again thought this must be some kind of joke. Then he saw a slim yellow envelope at the bottom of the pile. He ripped it open, found a single sheet of white paper and read:

There are 12,000 different types of jobs in the United States. Each box in this room contains a description of one job. The boxes are sealed and the job's name is written on the outside. The boxes are in no particular order. You only need one job. Good luck eliminating the other 11,999.

"This is unbelievable," he muttered. "All I want is to find a job. But how in the heck am I supposed to find anything that I can do in all this mess?"

Big Picture Questions

Many injured workers feel like Chuck. They can not go back to the last job or any other past job. Yet they sure want to get back to work. But between where they sit and where they want to be are so many possibilities and decisions to make.

I encourage workers to ease this process is by first taking a look at the “big picture.” A worker can think about working and not just about individual jobs by answering questions such as these:

· Why do I work? Do I work strictly for the results I see on my W-2 each year or am I doing what I love and hoping the money will follow?

· What do I want to do? If I could magically choose to do anything I wanted, what would it be? What kind of work would make me happiest and most fulfilled?

· Where do I want to work? At a large company, a small business, in the comfort of my home, or some combination of all three?

· Who do I want to work with? Am I happiest surrounded by coworkers or do I prefer to work alone?

· When would I work? Is my mind naturally still half asleep when I arrive at work in the morning? Am I more productive working into the night rather than stopping at five o'clock ?

I encourage workers to write answers in the form of “I statements.” For example, “I would like to work in a small business where I can do many different things and be noticed for my efforts.” When satisfied with a first shot at the answers, they should tuck those papers away and let their mind play for a while with these questions.

At a not-to-later date the worker should steal a bit more time and get back to the answers, reconsider what is written and refine it. When they have answers that they feel comfortable with, share them with those most affected by the career change.

This sharing is vital. Suppose, for example, a worker decides to pursue a high-paying job to support his life style regardless of the stress, long hours or toll it takes on the body. Then he shares this with his family and hears them say they are willing to live more simply with less money if that allows him to be happier and healthier. He may want to reconsider his choice and even put a little more time into reflection.

Tap the right brain

Even with a solid big picture, a worker still has to pinpoint specific jobs. Remember all those frogs and that one prince. This can challenge; a worker may never have put this kind of thought into choosing a job before. He may feel as if the brain is working overtime, like he’s trying to pump a dry well. He’s working hard but nothing comes out. This frustrates. So the worker pumps harder, with fewer results and greater frustration. This is a self-defeating cycle that in part results from using the wrong tool for the job.

Our brains have two halves, a right one and a left one. The left one is the one we use when we are being logical and analyzing a problem. That’s the half used when fighting with the question “What do all these labor market statistics mean to me?”

But there is a right brain too and that is our secret weapon in inner career change. Our right brain isn’t tied to logic; it can make leaps and connections and point us to jobs that we never even considered before. There is a trick to hearing from the right brain: it works on its own schedule and produces results when we are not even thinking about a dilemma.

You’ve experienced this before when the solution to a problem just pops into your head unbidden. That’s the right brain at work. The right brain is most active when we engage in certain kinds of activities. Over the years I’ve researched this topic, reading what experts have to say about ways to allow our right brains to work best. I’ve also asked injured workers where their ideas come from. Here’s a list of some of the top idea-generating times:

Idea Generators

· gardening

· mowing the lawn

· rearranging the furniture

· doing something in a way you have not done before

· taking the dog, cat, bird, gerbil out for a walk

· teaching yourself some magic tricks

· learning to juggle

· reading joke books, listen to comedy performances

· drawing pictures

· listening to music

· praying, meditating, chanting

· exercising without beating yourself to set new records

· taking a long drive

· taking a long hot shower

· taking a break and visualizing a soothing scene

Obviously, the best ideas may arrive when we are least ready to record them. The trick is to capture the great idea when the right brain delivers it. We can encourage workers to keep paper and pencil or a cassette recorder nearby. When the idea arrives, jot it down immediately; wait and the creative right brain’s gift may be lost. Don’t eliminate an idea because it seems too far fetched. The right brain has a reason for providing an idea.

Strategies for Survival

In writing Living Through Job Loss, we developed a number of strategies for surviving job loss. I saw those as tools I could use in my work with injured workers. If I could educate my workers about these strategies and encourage them to use them, perhaps their job loss grief would be lessened, their return to normalcy quickened and their inner career change improved. Here is a sampling of some strategies to help survive job loss and improve inner career change:

· Focus on the present

· Accept changing family roles

· Redefine your personal values

· Create regular stress outlets

· Set time for loved ones and self-care

· Reduce or eliminate alcohol/caffeine

As you can see, these are simple approaches that anyone can take. Well, maybe not eliminating caffeine. Each strategy helps buffer the powerful effects of job loss. In counseling sessions, I sometimes mention these to workers. For instance when I hear a worker say, “I'm going crazy sitting around this house," that is a great time to talk about establishing a daily routine, and accepting changing family roles. The goal is to turn on that light that says "There is something I can do about this."

Survivor Traits

Of the people Dr. Ann Stearns and I interviewed around the United States for Living Through Job Loss, some had just lost their job, some were well into job search, and some had returned to work. As we shared their stories, we realized that those who dealt best with loss exhibited certain traits. Dr. Stearns called these people Triumphant Survivors, those who grow stronger from dealing with loss.

No one person had all these traits, but the more traits a person had or developed, the better they seemed to do. When you look at this list, I am sure you will see traits your workers already have. And you will see some they can develop. I urge you to help them do just that.

Triumphant survivors:

1. Find emotional release by writing in a journal, talking with a confidant, or engaging in creative or physical activity. They work through pain and acknowledge feelings.

2. Ask for help from family, friends, professionals, support groups, and agencies.

3. Find encouragement wherever it can be found: people, books, events, anything that can teach them something of value.

4. Imagine the future in positive ways.

5. Have the courage to change.

6. Make things happen rather than wait for things to happen.

7. Establish realistic goals and take small attainable steps toward them each day.

8. Put structure back into their life with purposeful activity and meaningful daily routine.

9. Assign themselves tasks and complete them.

10. Shift gears or change direction with reliable new information regarding the best destination.

11. Tackle activities that many people avoid such as aggressively pursuing job search, and obtaining additional education or new skills.

12. Develop strategies for dealing with stress and problem solving.

13. Associate with optimistic, positive people.

14. Avoid doomsayers.

15. Find ways to lighten up by sharing in fun or silly activities.

I see this list as a prescription for success in inner career change. I have come to believe that if I could educate workers about these traits, just maybe they could develop them or bring them out. In fact, I have found that to be the case. Most workers jump at the chance to lessen the impact of job loss on their inner career change and to speed their return to work.

I’ve built this approach into my casework. After I have established a relationship with a worker, we often have a serious discussion about "What do you want to do next since you can't do what you once did." I ask them to imagine the future and tell me what they see. Once we have that picture we talk about establishing realistic goals to get there. We talk about assigning tasks, and often- when the dream does not come true- we talk about shifting gears and changing direction.

From the moment of the job loss to sometimes years afterward, job loss can impact us in profound emotional and physical ways. For our clients trying to uncover, prepare for and start new careers, the debilitating effects come just when they need to be most effective. Encouraging your workers to use these tools and using these tools with your workers makes their inner career change and your job much easier. Perhaps just as important is the fact that your clients obtain tools they can use to help cope with life’s future adversities.